Studio technique

A vocal overdubbed in sync with itself to create a thicker, reinforced sound

Mixing a recording down to fewer tracks to free space on the tape machine.

Production technique that closes a track by gradually reducing its level to silence.

Placing a microphone within inches of a sound source for intimate, detailed capture.

Physically cutting and rejoining magnetic tape to assemble or edit a recording.

Automatic Double Tracking – tape delay technique creating a doubled vocal without re-recording

Recording tape sped up or slowed down to alter pitch or tempo

Deliberately overdriven signal for a gritty, saturated tone – covers distortion, overdrive, and fuzz.

Routing a vocal through a Leslie rotating-speaker cabinet for swirling effect.

Audio played or recorded in reverse for psychedelic or abstract effects

An audible studio effect applied to a vocal – reverb, delay, distortion, processing.

Echo effect generated by re-routing tape past a playback head at a delayed position.

Recording an electric instrument's signal straight into the console, bypassing an amp.

Amplifier effect that modulates volume in a steady pulsing pattern.

Production technique that introduces a track from silence by gradually raising its level.

Phil Spector's production aesthetic – dense layered orchestration recorded as a single mass.

Controlled use of guitar or amp feedback as a deliberate musical element.

Removing hum, hiss and clicks from a recording so it can carry a new production.

Phase-shift effect produced by mixing a signal with a slightly delayed copy of itself.

Physical or electromechanical chamber used to add reverberation to a recording.

Use of machine-learning source separation to isolate a vocal from a mixed recording.