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© 2026 Nadav (Nahdi) Lazar. Beatles music © Apple Corps. Fan-made – not affiliated with The Beatles or Apple Corps.

“In the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make.”

SongsRubber SoulIn My Life
I'm Looking Through You·Wait
In My Life1965 · Rubber Soul
Rubber Soul album cover

In My Life

1965 · Rubber Soul

“There are places I remember”

Lennon's first openly autobiographical song – drafted as a literal bus-route through Liverpool, then refined into a meditation on memory, lost friends and present love. George Martin's Baroque-style electric piano solo, recorded at half speed for a harpsichord timbre, became the recording's signature.
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This song is the earliest Beatles song to draw on Literary influence, which goes on to appear on 12 in all.

1965Literary influence
Year1965
AlbumRubber Soul
Track11 · Side 2
Duration2:27
Songwriter(s)LennonCredited as Lennon–McCartney
Lead VocalJohn
RecordedOctober 18 & 22, 1965
ReleasedDecember 3, 1965

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Text222 tags

Motif

NostalgiaSelf reflectionPlace namesLoveFriendshipDeathPhilosophicalAutobiography

Influence

Literary influenceBob Dylan influence

Title

Pronoun in title

Vocabulary

Positive tone

Narrative

First personConfessionalConversational

Lyrical device

Anaphora

Rhyme type

Perfect rhymeInternal rhymeFeminine rhymeHalf rhyme

Song form

Verse-chorus

Sections

Standard verses (2-4)Has introHas outroStandard choruses (1-3)

Section links

Outro based on verseIntro based on verseInterlude based on verseOutro based on chorusChorus variationOutro based on bridgeSolo based on verse

Repetition

Recurring lineConsecutive choruses
Word cloud

Recurring words

changeddeadforeverfriendslivingmeaningmemoriesnewoftenpeopleremembersomethingtheirall myall theseand thingsfor peoplehave changedhave gonei rememberi'll neveri've lovedis nolife ilose theirno oneof allstop andthem allthere isthings thatthink aboutthink ofthough iyou oohi think oflove you morewhen i thinkwith you oohyou ooh oohi know i'll neveri love you morewhen i think of

Cover-shared words

aboutallbettergoneknowlifeloselovelovedmoremyneveroneoohsomestopthemtherethingsthinkthoughwentyoui knowi lovei stilli thinkin mylove youmy lifeof lovethere arewhen iwith youyou morei love you

Lyric shape

[VERB] had[VERB] i'll[VERB] their[WORD] are[WORD] before[WORD] haveare [VERB]as [NOUN]for [ADJ]for [NOUN]i'll [WORD]one [VERB]their [NOUN]their [WORD]with [WORD][ADJ] and [WORD][NOUN] i've [VERB][VERB] and [WORD][VERB] i'll [WORD][VERB] of [VERB][VERB] their [NOUN][VERB] them [WORD][VERB] with you[WORD] are [VERB][WORD] have [VERB][WORD] that [WORD][WORD] these [NOUN]and [WORD] [NOUN]for [NOUN] andi [VERB] i'lli'll [VERB] [VERB]i'll [WORD] [VERB]my [NOUN] ino one [VERB]with you [WORD][NOUN] [VERB] their [NOUN][VERB] with you [WORD][WORD] [WORD] have [VERB][WORD] have [VERB] [WORD][WORD] my [NOUN] [WORD]i [VERB] i'll [VERB]i [VERB] i'll [WORD]my [NOUN] i [VERB]when i [VERB] of[NOUN] i [VERB] you [WORD][VERB] [VERB] and [VERB] [WORD]in my [NOUN] i [VERB][VERB] with you [WORD] [WORD] [WORD]

Cover-shared shape

[ADJ] and[ADV] are[ADV] is[NOUN] and[NOUN] i[NOUN] i've[VERB] and[VERB] as[VERB] i[VERB] of[VERB] them[VERB] with[VERB] you[WORD] and[WORD] i[WORD] my[WORD] that[WORD] theseand [VERB]and [WORD]are [ADJ]can [VERB]have [VERB]i [VERB]i'll [VERB]i've [VERB]my [NOUN]of [VERB]of [WORD]that [WORD]them [WORD]these [NOUN]you [WORD][NOUN] and [WORD][NOUN] i [VERB][VERB] [VERB] and[VERB] and [VERB][VERB] i [VERB][VERB] you [WORD][WORD] and [WORD][WORD] i [VERB][WORD] my [NOUN][WORD] these [WORD]and [VERB] [WORD]and [WORD] ii [VERB] ofi [VERB] youin my [NOUN]my [NOUN] [WORD]when i [VERB]you [WORD] [WORD][NOUN] i [VERB] you[VERB] [VERB] and [VERB][VERB] and [VERB] [WORD]i [VERB] you [WORD]my [NOUN] [WORD] [WORD]you [WORD] [WORD] [WORD]

Rhyme scheme

ABABABCB

Line length

8-7-8-7Unique line length

Distinctive word

affectioncomparesloversmomentsplacesrecallremain

Music168 tags

Arrangement

Lead vocalsBacking vocalsElectric guitarLead guitarRhythm guitarBass guitarPianoElectric pianoDrumsPercussionTambourine

Instrument group

GuitarsKeyboardsPercussion

Guitar work

Guitar riff

Bass work

Descending bass

Keyboard work

Piano soloKeyboard solo

Music genre

BalladFolkBaroque popFolk rockPopRock

Influence

Classical music influenceBaroque influence

Vocal work

Vocal harmoniesOoh vocalsTwo-part harmony

Solo / Riff

Piano soloGuitar riffDefining riffKeyboard soloSolo on verseSolo based on verseSolo on chorus

Melody

AppoggiaturaDefining riff

Tempo

Moderate

Key

A major

Time signature

4/4

Song form

Verse-chorusABABB

Sections

Has soloStandard verses (2-4)Has introHas outroStandard choruses (1-3)

Section traits

Unique introUnique outro

Section links

Outro based on verseSolo on verseIntro based on verseInterlude based on verseOutro based on chorusChorus variationOutro based on bridgeSolo based on verseSolo on chorus

Repetition

Consecutive choruses

Section transition

I to II to vi

Harmony

Modal mixtureSecondary dominantDeceptive cadencePlagal cadenceBackdoor cadenceBorrowed chordPerfect cadenceHalf cadenceMinor plagal

Composition

Tonic openingTonic endingShared chordsVerse in ITonic verseChorus in IChorus in viNon-tonic chorusTonic chorus

Mode

IonianMixolydianLydian

Chord type

majorminordom7

Scale degree

II7II7IIIVivVV7vi♭VII

Chord degree

I–viiv–I♭VII–IIV–♭VII–II–V–vivi–IV–♭VIIvi–I–IVIV–ivV–II–IVIV–♭VIII–Vvi–III–vi–IIV–vivi–IVIV–iv–II–IV–ivI–IV–iv–Ivi–I♭VII–I–viV–vi–Ivi–IV–♭VII–IIV–♭VII–I–vi♭VII–I–vi–IIV–vi–I–IV

Chord shape

C → AmAm → DC → F → FmC → G → AmC → Am → DAm → EC → DmAm → FC → FC → DC → CmC → GC → F → GAm → CAm → C → FAm → F → B♭C7 → F → FmAm → C7 → FC7 → FC → Cm → GC → D → Bm → EC → F → Fm → CC → Dm → FAm → C7C7 → F → Fm → CC → D → BmAm → F → B♭ → CC → Dm → F → B♭C → F → G → Em

Chord literal

F♯m → BDm → AA → EE → AF♯m → A → DA → F♯mA7 → DD → GA → DG → AD → G → AF♯m → AF♯m → DE → F♯mA → F♯m → BA → E → F♯mD → DmE → F♯m → AG → A → F♯mA → D → DmF♯m → D → G → AA7 → D → Dm → AA → D → Dm → A

Studio11 tags

Studio technique

VariSpeedDouble tracked vocal

Equipment

Rickenbacker 4001SStuder J37 4-track recorderLudwig Super ClassicEMI REDD.51 consoleSonic Blue Fender StratocasterHamburg Steinway

Recording location

EMI Studio 2EMI Studios

Session duration

Multi-day
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People11 tags

Unique personnel
Producer plays
Line-up
John Lennon
Lead vocalsElectric rhythm guitar
Paul McCartney
Backing vocalsBass guitar
George Harrison
Backing vocalsElectric lead guitar
Ringo Starr
DrumsTambourine
George Martin
ProducerPianoElectric pianoTambourine
Songwriter
John Lennon
Producer
George Martin
Recording engineer
Norman SmithStuart Eltham
Assistant engineer
Ken ScottMike Stone

Info15 tags

Release type

Song on albumSong on compilation

US release

Rubber Soul (US)

Release mix

MonoStereo

Label

ParlophoneCapitol

Publisher

Northern Songs

Song type

Original

Duration

Short

Cultural impact

Widely covered
Sources & references

Tags on this page are original analysis, transcribed and cross-checked against the fine work of others: Alan W. Pollack's “Notes on…” series, the Beatles Complete Scores (Hal Leonard), Mark Lewisohn's session histories, Ian MacDonald's Revolution in the Head, Dave Rybaczewski's Beatles Music History and Andy Babiuk's Beatles Gear for the instruments and studio equipment, and others besides – then verified by ear against the recordings. Full bibliography: Sources & thanks.

External entity links: Wikipedia · MusicBrainz recording · MusicBrainz work · Wikidata

Updated 2026-06-03

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Rubber Soul album cover
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Year1965
AlbumRubber Soul
Track11 · Side 2
Duration2:27
Songwriter(s)Lennon
Credited asLennon–McCartney
Lead VocalJohn
RecordedOctober 18 & 22, 1965
ReleasedDecember 3, 1965
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